In 1710, as a result of the Great Northern War the island went under the control of the Russian Empire.

On demands of the Hanseatic League a lighthouse was built in Kõpu (previously known as Dagerort) at the beginning of the 16th century.

It is considered the third-oldest continuously operating lighthouse in the world, still showing its light to 35 miles (56 km) of the sea.

The vaulted stone church was completed in the 14th century, and construction of the tower began in 1770.

Prominent examples include the Mihkli farming complex and Soera farm-museum with historical national artifacts, respectively.

[9] Baptist congregations operating in Hiiu County: Emmaste-Nurste, Harju, Hilleste, Jausa, Käina, Kärdla, Lauka, Luguse, Palade, Ühtri and Hiiumaa Christian Missionary Congregation.

The highest point is Tornimägi hill (68 m (223 ft)), the longest river is Luguse (21 km (13 mi)), and the biggest lake is Tihu Suurjärv (85 ha (210 acres)).

Out of 30 species of mammals, big game as elk, deer, fox, wild boar and lynx roam the island.

Among the Estonian counties Hiiumaa is the richest in forest – nearly 60% of the island are wooded areas.