Hilbrand Boschma (22 April 1893 – 22 July 1976) was a Dutch zoologist and director of the Rijksmuseum of Natural History in Leiden.

He went to the former Dutch East Indies, where he studied embryology, functional morphology in reptiles and amphibians, and stony corals.

He is taxon author of (among other invertebrate organisms) several different species of fire corals.

Thereafter Boschma went back to The Netherlands to take up the post of chief assistant at the Zoological Laboratory of the State University at Leiden.

He retired at age 65 in 1958, but continued giving lectures until 1963 and writing scientific articles until 1974.