It is common in some dialects of English to use standard object pronouns to express reflexive relations, especially in the first and sometimes second persons, and especially for a recipient: for example, "I want to get me some supper."
Because of this, it may be ambiguous whether the antecedent refers to the subject of the main clause or the embedded clause, in which case it may be necessary to reiterate the antecedent: The reflexive pronoun in Cantonese Chinese, jihgéi, cognate to Mandarin zìjǐ (and thus also written as 自己), also follows the same rules.
The Esperanto third-person reflexive pronoun is si, or sia for the possessive (to which can be added -j for plural agreement and -n for direct object).
[citation needed] In French, the main reflexive pronoun is 'se', with its indefinite form soi.
There are also intensifying reflexive pronouns, such as moi-même, toi-même, lui-même/elle-même/soi-même, nous-mêmes, vous-mêmes and eux-mêmes/elles-mêmes, similar in meaning (but not often used) to myself, yourself, etc.
[14] Alternatively, using the genitive postposition का (kā) with खुद (khud) gives मेरे खुदका (mere khudkā) meaning the same as मेरा अपना (merā apnā).
However the accusative case marking -t is often omitted in magamat (myself), and magadat (yourself) remaining magam and magad respectively.
This is also the case with possessed nouns using the same personal endings e.g. házam (my house), and kocsid (your car) both of which can be interpreted in less formal language as either nominative or accusative depending on context.
The combined forms önmaga and önmaguk are only used to express intensity and genuine reflexivity as laid out above, but are not used as non-reflexive formal/polite pronouns.
Here the verb is conjugated with the third person plural definite ending -ják as the pronoun is a genuine reflexive.
In reality however when clarity is required an explicit subject pronoun can be used to express informal third person (ők magukat mossák), or more formal language can be used to express formal second person usage (magukat tetszik mosni lit.
This pronoun allows the building of three kinds of reflexive verbal forms: proper, non-proper (or ostensible), and reciprocal.
Notice that the sentence I wash myself could also be translated in Italian as io lavo me stesso, stressing the reflexiveness much more than English.
In Korean, jagi 자기(自己) and jasin 자신(自身) are used as reflexive pronouns that refer to 'myself', 'himself', 'herself', and 'ourselves'.
In the third person, Latin uses the special reflexive pronoun se, which is the same for all genders and numbers, and declined in all cases except the nominative and the vocative.
It is used with 1st, 2nd and 3rd person: It has been grammaticalized to a high degree, becoming also a marker of medial and/or anti-causative voice: Similarly, the dative sobie gained an additional, volitional/liberative meaning, usually used in informal speech: Moreover, the phrase iść sobie has been lexicalized and means "to leave" (cf.
French s'en aller): Polish also has a possessive reflexive pronoun swój (swoja, swoje).
Not using a reflexive pronoun might indicate the other party's possession of the object: The intensive meaning is done by the pronoun sam (inflecting for case, gender and number): Usually inflected się is added in obliques: Emphatically the accusative can be replaced with dative: There are two ways to make a reflexive sentence in Portuguese.
The first way is by attaching the reflexive pronoun (me, te, se, nos - also vos) to the verb.
(plural) (="self"), immediately after the verb to add stress/intensity : In Russian, the pronoun себя sebya universally means "oneself"/"myself"/"himself", etc.
[19] Because of the existence of reflexive forms, the use of a non-reflexive pronoun indicates a subject that is different from the object.
For clarity, there are optional intensifying adjuncts for reflexive pronouns, accompanied by mismo/a (masculine and feminine forms for "self").
They are not strictly adjuncts: sí mismo/a (instead of se), ti mismo/a (in the Río de la Plata region, it is replaced by vos mismo/a), mí mismo/a—they usually postpend the genitive.
Example with "wash oneself": Note that the indirect object "le"/"les" does not override "se" in the reflexive.
A Pama–Nyungan language, Guugu Yimithirr uses the suffix /-gu/ on pronouns—much like -self in English, to emphasize that the action of the verb is performed by the subject and not someone else.