History of Haryana
[6] Paleolithic and Neolithic Stone Age (7000 BCE - 5500 BCE) find were excavated from the banks of the stream (paleochannel of Saraswati river) flowing through HMT complex,[7][8] by the Guy Ellcock Pilgrim who was a British geologist and palaeontologist, who discovered 150,000 year old prehistoric human teeth and part of a jaw denoting that the ancient people, who were intelligent hominins dating as far back as 150,000 ybp Acheulean period,[9] lived in Pinjore region near Chandigarh.
[10] Quartzite tools of lower Paleolithic period were excavated in this region extending from Pinjore in Haryana to Nalagarh (Solan district in Himachal Pradesh.
Sarasvati and its tributary Drishadvati river (Ghaggar) flow through north and central Haryana and there are numerous IVC sites in haryana along paleochannels of these rivers, notable among those are the Rakhi Garhi, Banawali, Bhirrana, Farmana, Jognakhera, Mitathal, Siswal, and IVC mines and smelter at Tosham.
Haryana govt is undertaking projects to revive Saraswati and Rakhigarhi Indus Valley Civilisation Museum has been constructed for the conservation of the artefacts.
The sandy bagar tract in northwestern and westcentral Haryana on Haryana-Rajasthan border was part of the larger jangladesh which also covered thar area of Rajasthan.
Firuz Shah Tughlaq established a fort at Hisar in 1354 to further fortify the region, and also constructed canals or rajwahas as they were referred to in the Indo-Persian historical texts.
The first battle took place in 1526, where Babur, the ruler of Kabul defeated Ibrahim Lodi of the Delhi Sultanate, through the use of field artillery.
In the First Battle of Panipat, Hasan Khan Mewati supported Ibrahim Lodi against Babur in 1526, marked a pivotal moment in the conflict between the Mughal Empire and the Delhi Sultanate.
Hasan Khan Mewati later aligned himself with Rana Sanga in continued opposition against the Mughal Empire in the Battle of Khanwa, where he was killed by the forces led by Babur.
[16] In the Second Battle of Panipat (5 November 1556), Akbar's general Bairam Khan defeated Hemu, the local Haryanvi who grew up in Rewari.
Hemu, who belonged to Rewari in Haryana, rose from a businessman to become adviser to Afghan kings and then Prime Minister-cum-Chief of Army.
The Third Battle of Panipat was fought in 1761 between the Afghan Emperor Ahmad Shah Abdali and the Maratha Empire under Sadashivrao Bhau of Pune.
[19] The major centers of rebellion were at Hisar, Hansi, Sirsa, Rohtak, Jhajjar, Bahadurgarh, Farrukhnagar, Ballabhgarh, Rewari, Ambala, Panipat and Thanesar.
[18] This rebellion was partly caused by the unjust tax system implemented through the use of The Great Hedge of India, a historic inland customs border which ran through several states including Haryana.
Lala Lajpat Rai worked towards the social reform, spread of Arya Samaj, creation of mass support for the Indian independence movement and he died protesting against the Simon Commission.
Lala Murlidhar of Ambala and journalist Balmukund Gupt of Rewari were the members of the founding session of congress who promoted Swadeshi movement.
Chhotu Ram, Pandit Nekiram Sharma, Lala Ugrasen and Ramswaroop Jaglan of Bidhwan were also key independence activists.
[18] During the partition of India in 1947, state experienced riots at many places, which also scores of death and migration of millions of people from Haryana to Pakistan and vice versa.
[23] On 1 November 1966, Haryana was carved out of the East Punjab on linguistic grounds, with majorly consisting of the "Hindi Speaking areas".
In order to analyse and find a cooperative as well as universally acceptable solution, for the long going vexed linguistic problem, being faced by Punjab, the parliament announced the formation of the Parliamentary Committee on Demand for Punjabi Suba (1966) chairmanned by Sardar Hukam Singh, on 23 September 1965.
Even a third argument advanced in favour of the status quo was that, any reorganisation of the State would not be in the interests of the security of the country and would weaken the defence of India, which was later struck off due to lack of authentic data or justifiable reasons.
The success of Haryana is due to government's policy intervention, rich reward system and job security for the budding athletes and the winners, where deep cultural interest of martial castes in military and traditional sports meets the state infrastructure and incentives provided by the Haryana state government.
[51][52][39] "Plenty of analysis pieces attribute Haryana’s success in contact sports (boxing and wrestling) to the physical strength of the Jats, the influence of history and geography which has shaped the population.
"Jatification of Indian sport", as described by Rajdeep Sardesai, is the phenomenon attributed to the dominance of jats in India's international medals.
[48] In 2022 CWG, with a contingent of 21% (43/210) the Haryana sportspersons won 42% (20/53) of individual & 33% (20/61) of total medals for India including 43% (9/21) gold, 25% (4/16) silver and 31% (7/23) bronze.
[53] In 2018 CWG, with a contingent of 13% (28/218) the Haryana sportspersons won 41% (22/54) individual & 33% (22/66) of total medals for India including 35% (9/26) gold, 30% (6/20) silver and 35% (7/20) bronze.
In June, U21 & U17 Asian Wrestling Championship in Kyrgyzstan all 9 female medal winners were haryanvi jats, who won 7 gold, 1 silver and 1 bronze.
[62] In 1970–71, a privately managed air service was introduced from Delhi-Patiala-Hisar and Delhi which was terminated after a period of about 6 months due to being financially unviable.
[69] Chief Minister Bhupinder Singh Hooda and Aero Club of India President Satish Sharma were present at the inauguration ceremony.
[73] On 26 December 2018, Haryana Health Minister Anil Vij announced that a third domestic airport will be established under UDAN III scheme 40 km from the Ambala city at Barnala village next to the Ambala Air Force Station for which a team of Airports Authority of India has already carried out the land survey.
