History of the Jews in Innsbruck

[4] After WWII, the Jewish community of Innsbruck grew slowly, with predominantly older members returning.

The old synagogue which was destroyed during the pogrom was rebuilt in the same location and many memorials were placed to honour victims of the Holocaust.

[5] After a Jew was mentioned as mint master to the duke of Tyrol in the 13th century, Jewish traders and moneylenders moved to Innsbruck from Italy and Carinthia.

Following Duke Ferdinand II's death, no Jews were allowed in Innsbruck and religious services were held in private residences.

Maria Theresa declared Innsbruck a "Jew-free city" in 1748 and only eight tolerated Jews remained in Tyrol.

[2] During the interwar period, the Innsbruck Jews tried to raise funds to build a synagogue in Silgasse 15, but failed due to the economic depression.

[2] It is estimated that half of the Jewish community in Innsbruck were able to leave, many emigrating to Mandatory Palestine and thus escaping persecution.

[1] Only older community members and some children remained in Innsbruck during the pogrom, as many young adults had already fled.

[4] During the night, Jewish owned homes were raided and destroyed, the synagogue and cemetery were desecrated, 18 members were attacked or arrested, and four leaders of the Innsbruck community were murdered.

Prior to the pogrom, SS Security Service (Sicherheitsdient, SD) noted Jewish people in Innsbruck not leaving the country.

In September 1938, Adolf Eichmann ordered the Jews of Innsbruck to emigrate quickly, and they were given a time limit to leave Tyrol based on wealth and status.

[2] Perpetrators were instructed to kill four prominent citizens and destroy the synagogue to send a message to Jews that they were no longer wanted in Innsbruck.

Wounded badly, Bauer made his way back up to his apartment where his wife was unable to call for help as the telephone cable had been broken.

[4] Karl Bauer was a co-owner of department store 'Bauer & Schwarz' and head of 'Reich Federation of Jewish Front-Line Soldiers'.

[3] Bauer was assaulted in his apartment, being punched and stabbed in the forehead and lower jaw multiple times and hit with a heavy metal item, leaving him unconscious.

[3] The perpetrators tampered with the telephone cord, so his wife treated Graubart with cold compresses and cognac until he regained consciousness three hours later.

In 1946, one member returned from the concentration camp at Theresienstadt and was appointed the contact person for Jewish matters by the province.

[8] Up until the 1980s, the Jews of Innsbruck kept mostly to themselves[1] and in 1981, the Israeli Ambassador to Austria placed a memorial tablet at the location of the old synagogue.

A large commemorative event was held in Innsbruck in 1988 for the 50-year anniversary of the pogrom with guest speakers namely Bishop Reinhold Stecher, Chief Rabbi Paul Chaim Eisenberg and Provincial Governor Alois Partl.

[1] In June 1997, a menorah was consecrated on the Landhausplatz square in the city centre by Chief Rabbi Paul Chaim Eisenberg as a monument to honour victims of the Holocaust.

[5] In November 2008, an Israeli sculptor and painter from Vienna, Dvora Barzilai, created a memorial at the Innsbruck Hospital to commemorate those expelled from the Faculty of Medicine in March 1938.

[1] In 2004 a commemorative stone was laid for Ilse Brüll, a child evacuated from Innsbruck on a Kindertransport who was murdered in Auschwitz.

Israelitische Kultusgemeinde für Tirol und Vorarlberg