History of the lithium-ion battery

Also, dendrites often lose electronic contact with current collectors leading to a loss of cyclable Li+ charge.

In 2017 (2 years before the 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded) George Blomgren offered some speculations on why Akira Yoshino's group produced a commercially viable lithium-ion battery before Jeff Dahn's group:[51] The performance and capacity of lithium-ion batteries increased as development progressed.

[85] In 2017, the average residential energy storage systems installation cost was expected to drop from $1600 /kWh in 2015 to $250 /kWh by 2040 and to see the price with 70% reduction by 2030.

Notably, in NCM cathodes, manganese is not electroactive and remains in the oxidation state +4 during battery's charge-discharge cycling.

Due to the higher price of cobalt and due to the higher number of cyclable electrons per nickel atom, high-nickel (also known as "nickel-rich") materials (with Ni atomic percentage > 50%) gain considerable attention from both battery researchers and battery manufacturers.

[96] An antitrust-violating price-fixing cartel among nine corporate families, including LG Chem, GS Yuasa, Hitachi Maxell, NEC, Panasonic/Sanyo, Samsung, Sony, and Toshiba was found to be rigging battery prices and restricting output between 2000 and 2011.

Varta lithium-ion battery, Museum Autovision , Altlussheim , Germany
The log number of publications about electrochemical powersources by year. lithium-ion batteries are shown in red. The magenta line is the inflation-adjusted oil price in US$/liter in linear scale.
The number of non-patent publications about lithium-ion batteries grouped by authors' country vs. publication year.
Learning curve of lithium-ion batteries: the price of batteries declined by 97% in three decades. [ 79 ] [ 80 ]