[1] Scheuermann was born into a medical family in Hørsholm, a small town between Copenhagen and Øresund.
He began his studies in 1895 and graduated in medicine at the University of Copenhagen in 1902.
From 1910 to 1919 he was 1st assistant surgeon at the Copenhagen Home for the Crippled and then became director of radiology at the military and Sundby Hospitals, and head physician to the navy.
After his retirement in 1947 he continued in private radiological practice for many years.
In 1959 he received his doctoral degree, honoris causa, from the University of Copenhagen, nearly 40 years after his original submission.