Species compositions of communities change sharply at environmental edges (known as ecotones).
He even assumes that the members of a biocoenosis feature "specific mutual relations that are vital for their life" (ibid.
For example, a community's composition can be better explained by holism than individualism, or vice versa.
"[4] "The holistic model considers all living beings as its subjects who are manifestations of the Absolute and part of the whole.
Without differentiating them and without knowing well how they function, it is impossible to conduct rational action which aims to fulfil the needs of everyone in the system and to refine their environment.