Autograph (manuscript)

[3] In Webster's Third New International Dictionary, the definitions are:[5] According to Stanley Boorman in The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians:[6] Boorman describes the manuscripts handwritten by a composer as including holographs (copies of their own work) and autographs (copies of the works of other composers).

He notes that this distinction is rarely made by "antiquarian dealers or auctioneers", but says that scribes and copyists often included other composers and so identifying them and their autographs can be useful for people studying their works.

In Bach scholarship, "original manuscript" refers to a score or performance parts written (by himself or his scribes) for the composer's own use.

[8] Sometimes, however, he started with the transcription of an earlier work, which developed in a revision score, before being transferred to a fair copy.

[8][45] Autographs, and fair copies produced with the assistance of scribes, can also be studied to detect a composer's true intentions.

[51] Ludwig van Beethoven's autographs have, since a few months after the composer's death in 1827, been sold for considerable prices at auctions.

In fiction, The Ardua Hall Holograph, handwritten by Aunt Lydia, plays a central role in Margaret Atwood's novel, The Testaments (2019).

The opening pages of the Konya manuscript of the Meccan Revelations , handwritten by Ibn Arabi in the 13th century [ 1 ]
"Préface" (preface) and "Choral inappétissant" (unsavoury chorale), first page of Satie 's autograph of Sports et divertissements (dated 15 May 1914)
Hippoliet Van Peene 's autograph of the lyrics of " De Vlaamse Leeuw " (22 July 1845). [ 4 ]
Beethoven 's final score of his ninth symphony : partial autograph, of the "non-autograph copy with autograph corrections" type. [ 7 ]
In 2009 Uwe Wolf reported about the X-ray technology he had used on the (D-B) Mus.ms. Bach P 180 manuscript, to distinguish J. S. Bach's autograph [ 8 ] composition from later revisions by his son C. P. E. [ 9 ]
An autograph fragment of Maimonides' Guide for the Perplexed , from the Cairo Geniza . [ 14 ]
Two pages from the Codex Leicester , a manuscript by Leonardo da Vinci . [ 15 ]
Emily Brontë 's diary (26 June 1837). [ 16 ]
Lincoln 's 1865 last address as president. [ 17 ]
Vivaldi 's autograph of RV 314, displayed in the Buchmuseum ( SLUB Dresden ). [ 40 ]
Third page of Bach's autograph of the Fantasia and Fugue in C minor, BWV 906 (start of Fugue shown): [ 41 ] before the discovery of this manuscript in 1876, the Fugue could not be authenticated as Bach's. [ 42 ]
Mahler 's autograph of his second symphony , sold for a record sum in 2016. [ 43 ]