Homo homini lupus

Seneca the Younger wrote, contrarily, in his Epistulae morales ad Lucilium (specifically, Epistula XCV, paragraph 33), "homo, sacra res homini",[3] which has been translated as "man, an object of reverence in the eyes of man".

Erasmus included the proverb in his Adagia, writing of the variation by Plautus, "Here we are warned not to trust ourselves to an unknown person, but to beware of him as of a wolf".

[4] The philosopher, theologian, and jurist Francisco de Vitoria (in Latin, Franciscus de Victoria) wrote in one of his Relectiones Theologicae that the poet Ovid disagreed with the proverb: "'Man,' says Ovid, 'is not a wolf to his fellow man, but a man.'"

[5] The primatologist and ethologist Frans de Waal disagreed with the proverb, writing that it "contains two major flaws.

"[6] In response to the Johnson–Jeffries riots in the United States in 1910, Russian Zionist activist Ze'ev Jabotinsky wrote of the parallels between racism experienced by African Americans and antisemitism experienced by European Jews, in an article entitled "Homo Homini Lupus".