Hong Meng

111 CE) Hanshu biography of the Daoist author Yang Xiong writes Hong Meng as 鴻濛, with the variant Chinese character meng 濛 "mist, drizzling rain" (sharing the 氵 "water radical in hong 鴻).

3rd century BCE) "Outer Chapters" of Zhuangzi (chapter 11, Zài Yòu 在宥) paired with Yun Jiang (simplified Chinese: 云将; traditional Chinese: 雲將; pinyin: Yúnjiàng; Wade–Giles: Yün-chiang).

Watson (1968:121) notes fuyao 扶搖 "whirlwind; typhoon" appears in Zhuangzi chapter 1, but suggests this context is an error for fusang 扶桑 "a huge mythical tree in the eastern sea from whose branches the sun rises."

Second, they meet when Yun Jiang was passing the Song zhi ye 宋之野 "wilds of Song" (present day Henan), and respectfully addresses Hong Meng as tian 天 "heaven; heavenly master".

Cloud Chief was traveling east and had passed the branches of the Fu-yao when he suddenly came upon Big Concealment.

Big Concealment at the moment was amusing himself by slapping his thighs and hopping around like a sparrow.

Big Concealment, without interrupting his thigh-slapping and sparrow-hopping, replied to Cloud Chief, "Amusing myself."

Three years later he was again traveling east and, as he passed the fields of Sung, happened upon Big Concealment once more.

Cloud Chief, overjoyed, dashed forward and presented himself, saying, "Heavenly Master, have you forgotten me?

Instead, the beasts will scatter from their herds, the birds will cry all night, disaster will come to the grass and trees, misfortune will reach even to the insects.

Cloud Chief said, "Heavenly Master, it has been hard indeed for me to meet with you – I beg one word of instruction!"

The (2nd century BCE) Huainanzi uses Hong Heng twice, translated as "primal chaos" and "Profound Mist", and both contexts echo the Zhuangzi.

The "Activating the Genuine" (Chuzhen 俶真訓) chapter says, In an age of Utmost Potency, [people] contentedly slept in boundless realms and moved [between] and lodged in indeterminate dwellings.

Major et al. 2010:99) And "Responses of the Way" (Daoying 道應訓) says, One such as I – to the south, I wander to the wilderness of Wangliang [Penumbra]; to the north, I rest in the countryside of Chenmu [Sunken Tomb]; to the west, I go as far as the hamlet of Yaoming [Deep Obscurity]; to the east, I close myself up within Hongmeng [Profound Mist].