Hook and Cod wars

The subsequent Battle of Warns was a disaster: William died and his army returned without him, although his uncle, John of Beaumont, managed to escape.

Right after the truce ended, the bishop subdued almost all William's allies in Utrecht, and collected major reparations from them.

The candidates were John of Beaumont (William IV's paternal uncle) or one of William IV's sisters, namely Margaret II, Countess of Hainaut (oldest sister and the emperor's wife), Philippa of Hainault (married to Edward III of England), Joanna of Hainaut (married to William V, Duke of Jülich) or Isabelle of Hainaut (1323–1361; married to Robert of Namur).

In January 1346 the emperor granted the three fiefs to his wife as 'oldest sister and just heir' of count William IV.

[2] In the meantime John of Beaumont had taken control in Hainaut, meaning that its succession to Margaret was quite smooth.

In March Margaret arrived in Hainaut, and in April she visited Holland and Zeeland.

[4] In September 1346 Margaret made her younger son William I, Duke of Bavaria (1330–1389) her lieutenant in Holland, Zeeland and Hainault.

He was also made these counties' heir and so was always officially styled as 'waiting' verbeydende to rule over them in his own right.

In the interior the nobility seized the opportunity to take up their feuds, and indeed it had just cause to be dissatisfied about how the lieutenant and his government favored some families.

The city of Delft and its allies reacted by attacking their enemies, robbing, plundering and taking prisoners.

The trials and executions were a direct infringement on the high justice of the count of Holland.

[11] John of Polanen, Dirk van Brederode and their party offered to help Margaret.

Delft and its allies simply kept the letters, and conspired with the Bishop of Utrecht, who burned the Binnenhof in The Hague.

The idea was that he would use force to take control in Holland, Zeeland and Friesland, and would be compensated by getting temporary custody of the area.

[11] The attempt to make Beaumont lieutenant might have been reason for William to fear a complete loss of his pretensions.

[10] Margaret reacted by making her son Louis her formal heir, and by seeking aid from England.

[19] In early 1351 Margaret, her son Duke Louis, and the Lords of Borselen and went to Dordrecht to attempt to subdue William again.

While Dordrecht, Middelburg and Zierikzee allied with Margaret, William was acknowledged by Kennemerland and West-Friesland.

William of Bavaria's first moves were directed against the many castles that the Hook party held in Holland.

In the north Medemblik Castle offered significant resistance and was besieged in March-April 1351.

William quickly moved south to start a Siege of Zierikzee (1351), which surrendered in October.

The count was then locked up, first in The Hague, and then in Le Quesnoy, where he would live imprisoned for 31 years until his death.

Reinoud escaped, but the affair led to the Siege of Heemskerk Castle, which lasted from 4 December 1358 to 24 March 1359.

Its council had to beg for forgiveness, pay 40,000 old shields, and destroy the city walls.

Jan van der Veen then raided and burned Onsenoort Castle, southeast of Heusden.

[31] The main battle re-emerged at the death of Albert I's son and successor William VI, Count of Holland and Hainaut in 1417.

Both William's younger brother Bishop of Liege John of Bavaria-Straubing, and his only daughter Jacqueline claimed the county.

The Cods chose the side of John, and, after his death in 1425, of Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, while the Hooks supported Jacqueline.

The treaty became void when Jacqueline remarried in 1432 with Frank van Borssele, and she had to hand her territories over to Burgundy.

The period between 1430 and 1450 remained reasonably calm, but when Philip the Good tried to expand his influence into the Bishopric of Utrecht by appointing his natural son David of Burgundy as Bishop, Hook resistance re-emerged in Utrecht.

County of Holland circa 1350.
Belfort from 1275 above Delft city hall
The Nobelpoort in Zierikzee
The Siege of Gorkum, 1417
The marriage of Jacqueline of Bavaria, Countess of Holland, and John IV, Duke of Brabant