He was a Republican who represented West Virginia in both houses of the United States Congress.

In 1893, Sutherland moved to Elkins, West Virginia where he participated in the mining, railroad and timber businesses.

In 1908, he entered politics and was elected to the West Virginia State Senate.

In 1920, he unsuccessfully sought the Republican nomination for President of the United States.

He returned to Elkins, West Virginia, where he continued his business interests.