A series of letters from Willoughby appeared in the Argus and were published in a pamphlet of 64 pages in 1865, Transportation: The British Convict in Western Australia.
His conclusions were that the sending of further convicts would be bad for Australia and should be resisted and that from the British point of view it was comparatively useless and wastefully expensive.
[1] He fought valiantly[citation needed] for the constitutional party in opposition to Victorian Premier Graham Berry, and his column every week, "Above the Speaker" by "Timotheous", was a piece of journalism which never failed to be interesting.
A selection of his writings in the Argus on this subject was published with additions in 1891 under the title Australian Federation its Aims and its Possibilities.
He continued, however, to make occasional contributions to the paper until shortly before his death in the Melbourne suburb of St Kilda.