It was established in 1915 by Howell Cheney as a textile school, in order to provide training for those wishing to work at the local silk mills.

The merger was designed to incorporate the entire curriculum between the two schools, allowing their students a wider education.

The West Middle Turnpike campus was opened in 1962, offering a new program of trades such as automotive technology, tool and die making, and industrial electronics.

In February 2005, a $45 million expansion/renovation project was begun, to include a new three-story shop wing including a larger expanded art room and three learning labs; the new culinary arts kitchen, bakery, and public restaurant; and new academic classrooms, gym, locker rooms, fitness center administration/guidance/support services, and athletic fields.

In addition to a complete academic program leading to a high school diploma, students attending Cheney Tech receive training in one of the following trades and technologies: