Sir Hugh Kerr Anderson FRS (6 July 1865 – 2 November 1928) was a British physiologist, and educator.

He was the son of James Anderson (1811–1897) and Eliza Murray, died 1890 aged 60.

Educated at by F. W. Goldsmith at Hampstead and at Harrow School, Anderson matriculated at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge at Michaelmas 1884, and graduated B.A.

1898, completing his medical training at St Bartholomew's Hospital, London.

The couple had two children: Austin Innes (born 1897) and Mary Desiree (1902–1973), an author.