[4] Such a scenario is supportive of the Red Queen hypothesis, whereby a host organism (here an aphid) is attempting to evolve away from its antagonist (here a parasitoid), which is meanwhile co-evolving in order to retain the ability to attack it, i.e. keep pace with it in an ecological-evolutionary sense.

[5] Loxdale also determined the insecticide resistance status of the serious agricultural pest the peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer).

From this work, the spatial and temporal dynamics of this important (and now highly cross-resistant) pest aphid could be followed, thereby leading to more rational and effective control measures in the field.

[6][7][8] Loxdale has written reviews on absence of strict genetic uniformity in populations of clonal organisms such as aphids.

Generalism, if it exists, is highly dependent upon an animal's morphology-anatomy, genetics, physiology-biochemistry, and chemistry, especially chemical ecology.