Hugh Peterson (August 21, 1898 – October 3, 1961) was a U.S. political figure and lawyer from the state of Georgia.
In 1934, Peterson was elected to the 74th United States Congress as a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives representing Georgia's 1st congressional district.
He served five additional terms in that seat until losing his re-election campaign in 1946.
After his congressional service, Peterson returned to Ailey to practice law.
He died on October 3, 1961, in Sylva, North Carolina and was buried in the Peterson family plot in Ailey.