Hugo Hildebrand Hildebrandsson (19 August 1838 – 29 July 1925) was a Swedish meteorologist and professor at Uppsala university between 1878 and 1907.

He was a prominent member of the International Meteorological Committee, and for some years served as its secretary.

In 1880, he was elected an honorary fellow of the Royal Meteorological Society of London, which in 1920 awarded him the Symons Gold Medal.

His papers on centers of action of the atmosphere marked a great advance in seasonal forecasts.

In 1897, Hildebrandsson was the first to scientifically postulate the connection between Asian weather anomalies and the tropical Pacific El Nino.