The Hundred Rolls are a census of England and parts of what is now Wales taken in the late thirteenth century.
Often considered an attempt to produce a second Domesday Book, they are named after the hundreds by which most returns were recorded.
The two main enquiries were commissioned by Edward I of England to record the adult population for judicial and taxation purposes.
Many of the Rolls have been lost and others have been damaged, but a minority survives and is stored at the National Archives in Kew.
Those known in the early nineteenth century were published by the Record Commission in 1812–18, while more recent discoveries are being collated by the University of Sheffield.