[citation needed] The killings were perpetrated by Hindu fanatic militias and the Indian Army.

[10] According to Communist leader Sundarayya, there were also systematic torture, rapes and lootings by Indian soldiers.

[11][12][2] In addition to mass killings, activists such as Sundarayya claim that Indian soldiers systematically engaged in torture, rape, and looting.

[3] Its report contained a detailed description of the violence that took on during[verification needed] and after Operation Polo.

[2][13] It is unconfirmed why the report was hidden, but some say it was to prevent further instances of communal violence by Razakars from happening.

Vallabhbhai Patel refused to accept this report, and when sent a copy, had said, "There could have been no question of Government of India sending any goodwill mission to India...There is all about the Razakar atrocities on Hindus..."[14] The Confidential Notes of the Sunderlal Report, the authors issued an entire section of Razakar atrocities.

[3] The report also conservatively put the death toll to between 27,000 and 40,000 Muslim civilian lives lost.

[1] It appears that as the Muslim population fled in panic towards the headquarters of the state or other villages which they thought might be safer, but it was not, a very large number was killed on the way and in the jungles.