Hyraceum (/haɪˈreɪsiəm/) is the petrified and rock-like excrement composed of both urine and feces of the rock hyrax (Procavia capensis) and closely related species.

These locations form middens that are composed of hyraceum and hyrax pellets, which can be petrified and preserved for over 50,000 years.

The material hardens and ages until it becomes a fairly sterile, rock-like material (also referred to as "Africa Stone") that contains compounds giving it an animalic, deeply complex fermented scent that combines the elements of musk, castoreum, civet, tobacco and agarwood.

Considering that hyraceum – accumulating in the form of rock hyrax middens – is in many cases the only available source for information regarding climate and environmental change in arid regions of Africa and Arabia, its collection for commercial sale has been criticized in scientific circles as the destruction of a critical resource that could help to understand the impact of climate change in sensitive regions.

Four of the hyraceum samples assayed positive for having an affinity for the receptor sites; however, extracts in water were inactive.