The Icebreaker Collaboration Effort, commonly referred to as the ICE Pact, is a trilateral partnership between the United States, Canada and Finland.

[1] The ICE Pact was formed on 11 July 2024 in Washington, D.C.[2] The ICE Pact is a partnership in efforts to bolster shipbuilding capacities and industries, especially the enhancing of icebreaker ship production capacity in Canada and Finland, and to counter the influence of the Russian Federation and China in the Arctic region.

[13] On 13 November 2024, in Washington, D.C., representatives from Canada, the United States and Finland signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to collaborate on building icebreakers for the Arctic region.

By 2024, after-effects of the COVID-19 pandemic put shipbuilding in the United States years behind schedule, with shortages of experienced labour, supply chain delays, and design problems.

[17] With increasing temperatures due to climate change making navigation in more of the area more feasible more of the time, the Russian Federation seeks to exploit resources in the Arctic and to open trade routes in the far north through the Northwest and Northeast Passages.