IPS panel

It was designed to solve the strong viewing angle dependence and low-quality color reproduction of the twisted nematic field effect (TN) matrix LCDs prevalent in the late 1980s.

In the mid-1990s new technologies were developed—typically IPS and vertical alignment (VA)—that could resolve these weaknesses and were applied to large computer monitor panels.

After thorough analysis, details of advantageous molecular arrangements were filed in Germany by Guenter Baur et al. and patented in various countries including the US on 9 January 1990.

[7] In 1992, engineers at Hitachi worked out various practical details of the IPS technology to interconnect the thin-film transistor array as a matrix and to avoid undesirable stray fields in between pixels.

This is a milestone for implementing large-screen LCDs having acceptable visual performance for flat-panel computer monitors and television screens.

[10] Later, LG Display and other South Korean, Japanese, and Taiwanese LCD manufacturers adopted IPS technology.

The LC molecules have a positive dielectric anisotropy and align themselves with their long axis parallel to an applied electrical field.

In the ON state, a sufficient voltage is applied between electrodes and a corresponding electric field E is generated that realigns the LC molecules as shown on the right of the diagram.

Toward the end of 2010 Samsung Electronics introduced Super PLS (Plane-to-Line Switching) with the intent of providing an alternative to the popular IPS technology which is primarily manufactured by LG Display.