However, during his reign high-ranking Shiite immigrants became unwelcome[5] and in 1590, he ordered the confinement of criers who read the khutba in the Shia form.

[6] The Adil Shahis under his rule left a tradition of cosmopolitan culture and artistic patronage whose architectural remains are to be seen in the capital city of Bijapur.

[7] Kamal Khan showed disrespect to the Dowager queen Chand Bibi, who felt that he had ambitions to usurp the throne.

He was forced to flee when a joint army, led by General Ikhlas Khan, marched to Bijapur.

The Marathas attacked the invaders' supply lines,[7] forcing the Ahmednagar-Golconda allied army to retreat.

Ibrahim II publicly declared that all he wanted was Vidya or learning, music, and Guruseva (serving the teacher).

[citation needed] He founded a new township at Nauraspur to give concrete shape to his idea of a musical city.

Bijapur attracted the period's best musicians and dancers because the king was famous as a great connoisseur and patron of music.

He spoke Marathi, Dakhani, Urdu and Kannada languages fluently,[citation needed] and like his predecessors, employed several Hindus in top posts.

According to his court-poet Muhammad Zuhuri, he wrote it to introduce the theory of nine Rasas, which occupies an important place in Indian aesthetics, to acquaint people who knew only the Persian ethos.