His master's research involved the development of one of the earliest versions of the Monte Carlo method for simulating the propagation of laser radiation in tissue-like highly scattering environment, including the consideration of 3D macroinhomogeneities.

[9] This innovative device is designed to provide clear, accurate images of tissue, with the ultimate goal of enabling cancer cell analysis at much earlier stages than currently possible with existing technology, and at a significantly reduced cost.

In 2014, Meglinski returned back to Europe, heading the Department of Opto-Electronic and Measurement Techniques at the Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering (ITEE) at the University of Oulu in Finland.

Utilizing advanced photonics-based technologies, emerging paradigms in machine learning, and new concepts in computational modeling of light-tissue interaction, Prof. Meglinski and his team at the University of Oulu developed 'Polarization Sensitive Optical Biopsy'.

His research focuses on quantum biophotonics and biomedical engineering, where he has pioneered the application of Orbital angular momentum of light (OAM) for the quantification of exosomes and the exploration of intracellular communication.

[23] In addition, he discovered more accurate way of checking blood flow in the feet of type 2 diabetes patients,[24][25][26] and pioneered using art to bridge the gap between complex scientific findings and the public.