Ilie Bolojan graduated from the Emanuil Gojdu Mathematics-Physics High School in Oradea and studied mechanics (1988–1993) at the Traian Vuia Polytechnic Institute in Timișoara and mathematics (1990–1993) at the West University of Timișoara.

Between 1996 and 2004, Ilie Bolojan was a local councilor of the town of Aleșd, and from 2004 a member of the Bihor County Council.

He continued to promote infrastructural development and investment attraction projects for the county, improving public services and creating a more efficient and transparent administrative system.

[7][8][9][10] Bolojan was serving as president of the Senate of Romania when Klaus Iohannis resigned on 12 February 2025.

[11] During the handover ceremony, Iohannis greeted Bolojan at Cotroceni Palace and held a brief meeting.