Today, inactivated vaccines exist for many pathogens, including influenza, polio (IPV), rabies, hepatitis A, CoronaVac, Covaxin and pertussis.

The APC will place a piece of the antigen, an epitope, on its surface along with a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule.

[1][8] The use of inactivated vaccines helped reduce morbidity and mortality from diseases like tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis, creating a healthier, more stable society.

Community health improved as a result, particularly in developed nations, where high vaccination rates led to herd immunity.

[12] Reducing diseases like polio, hepatitis A, and influenza meant fewer people suffering from debilitating illness, which in turn led to increased social productivity.