The station is in the Bukseong neighborhood of the Jung District, Incheon, South Korea and is approximately 20 kilometers west of Seoul.

In 1896, Gojong of Korea gave the construction rights for a train line from Seoul to Jemulpo to American financier James R. Morse[4] under the condition that it would be returned to the government in 15 years.

[5][6][2]: 118  When construction for the railway began in 1897,[7]: 288  the station was originally planned to be built in the Takpo (탁포) area, but complaints from local residents led the Korean government to instead reclaim tidal land by the Incheon port for the station.

[7]: 288  In 1899, the company ran out of funds and the rights to the station were sold to the Japanese Gyeongin Railway before construction was finished.

[13] On October 8, 2019, a connection was opened between Incheon Station and the Wolmi Sea Train tourist monorail.

[6][19][20] The station is also adjacent to Freedom Park [ko], the Incheon Harbor, Wolmido island, and the Songwol-dong Fairy Tale Village.

[21] Incheon Station serves as the background of several shots in the 2001 South Korean romantic comedy film My Sassy Girl.