They are usually constructed in layers of quilted absorbent fabric and alternating liquid impermeable plastic or polyurethane.
Products containing polyurethane are generally considered better as they provide a waterproof backing, whilst still allowing air to circulate reducing the risk of rashes and sores.
Guidelines suggest that treatment should always be preferred to containment as pads can be uncomfortable and negatively affect the person's dignity.
A balanced diet, exercise, hand hygiene, and prompts to go to the toilet should be preferred over using pads.
The main reasons for this strategy were fears about safety and falls which kept people in their beds and did not support independence.