It is located on Rua Catalana, near the church of San Giacomo degli Italiani.
The church embedded in the Castel Nuovo of Naples, has also been called Santa Barbara (or by other sources, San Sebastiano).
In 1564, a confraternity dedicated to Saint Barbara, patronized by artillery gunners of the Royal Marine, established their first church at the church of San Giovanni a Mare near the Borgo degli Orefici.
In 1727, the confraternity moved to the church of Santa Maria della Pietà dei Remolari.
Till 1960, this church was the center of celebrations in a festival of Santa Barbara, including processions and fireworks, and sponsored by the Associazioni dei Corpi della Marina e degli Artiglieri.