Some states follow a monist system where treaties can become law without incorporation, if their provisions are considered sufficiently self-explanatory.
[5] However ratification must often be approved by the French Parliament, especially in cases where the treaty "modifies provisions which are matters for statute".
The dualist position is exemplified by the United Kingdom, where treaty-making is considered to be the exclusive competence of "Her Majesty's Government" (the executive).
Of the more than 16,000 international agreements entered into by the United States between 1946 and 1999, only 912 were ratified by the required two thirds of the US Senate of the Treaty Clause of the Constitution.
[7] The US Supreme Court has also limited the direct effect of ratified treaties, notably in the case of Medellín v. Texas (2008).