Independence Act of Panama

Using bribes to quell resistance from the Spanish troops and garner their desertion, the rebels gained control of Panama City without bloodshed.

[2] An open meeting was held with merchants, landowners, and elites, who fearing retaliation from Spain and interruption of trade decided to join the Republic of Gran Colombia and drafted the Independence Act of Panama.

[3] The Declaration of Independence was drafted on 28 November 1821 by the educator and diplomat Manuel José Hurtado[4] and consisted of twelve articles.

José Vallarino Jiménez was chosen to inform the people gathered in the Cathedral Plaza of Panama City of the Declaration of Independence.

A letter advising Simón Bolívar of the declaration and Panama's voluntary decision to join with Republic of Gran Colombia was sent.