It holds that Matthew, Mark, and Luke are each original compositions formed independently of each other, with no documentary relationship.

Scholars have long noted that the three synoptic gospels have a great deal in common, not just in content but also in order and precise Greek wording.

On the other hand, different witnesses nearly always preserve different details and present numerous minor inconsistencies.

What we would expect to see in the gospels according to this method of composition, goes the theory, is exactly what we find: many similar accounts, often with virtually identical wording, but many additions and omissions, a somewhat different selection of content in each, and apparent inconsistencies of order and details.

Protestant theologian Eta Linnemann argues that the reason for four independent Gospels stems from the legal principle of Deuteronomy 19:15: "On the evidence of two or three witnesses a matter shall be confirmed."