India follows the dual polity system, i.e. federal in nature, that consists of the central authority at the centre and states at the periphery.

The court's mandate is to protect the Constitution, to settle disputes between the central government and the states, to settle inter-state disputes, to nullify any central or state laws that go against the Constitution and to protect the fundamental rights of citizens, issuing writs for their enforcement in cases of violation.

[4] There are 543 members in the Lok Sabha, who are elected using plurality voting (first past the post) system from 543 Single-member district.

The results bought in the NDA (National Democratic Alliance) to form in the next government [5] In recent decades, Indian politics has become a dynastic affair.

The legal system as applicable to the Union and individual state governments is based on the English common and Statutory Law.

Members of the Lok Sabha are elected by an adult universal suffrage and a first-past-the-post system to represent their respective constituencies, and they hold their seats for five years or until the body is dissolved by the President on the advice of the council of ministers.

The Lok Sabha, unless sooner dissolved, continues to operate for five years from the date appointed for its first meeting.

It has a maximum membership of 250, of which 238 are elected by the legislatures of the states and union territories using single transferable votes through open ballots, while the president can appoint 12 members for their contributions to art, literature, science, and social service.

In the case of conflicting legislation, a joint sitting of the two houses can be held, where the Lok Sabha would hold a greater influence because of its larger membership.

The president is the nominal head of the executive, the first citizen of the country, as well as the supreme commander of the Indian Armed Forces.

The new president is chosen by an electoral college consisting of the elected members of both houses of parliament (MPs), the elected members of the State Legislative Assemblies (Vidhan Sabha) of all States and the elected members of the legislative assemblies (MLAs) of union territories with legislatures, i.e., National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, Jammu and Kashmir and Puducherry.

Each Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) is directly elected to serve 5-year terms by single-member constituencies.

The following 3 types of democratically elected urban local governance bodies in India are called municipalities and abbreviated as the "MC".

The Constitutional (73rd Amendment) Act, 1992 aims to provide a three-tier system of Panchayati Raj for all States having a population of over 2 million, to hold Panchayat elections regularly every five years, to provide reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Women, to appoint State Finance Commission to make recommendations as regards the financial powers of the Panchayats and to constitute District Planning Committee to prepare a draft development plan for the district.

The Election Commission operates under the powers granted by Article 324 of the Constitution and subsequently enacted Representation of the People Act.

The election commission decides the dates for the filing of nominations, voting, counting and announcement of results.

The concept aims to conduct simultaneous elections for both central and state governments, a practice that was prevalent until 1967.

Advocates argue that this approach would significantly reduce the burden on the public exchequer, minimize the disruption caused by frequent elections, and ensure more consistent policy implementation.

However, it faces challenges, such as the logistical complexities of conducting elections on such a large scale and concerns over the potential impact on the federal structure of governance.

The proposal continues to spark significant debate among political parties, constitutional experts, and the general public in India.

[14][15] Simultaneous elections were common in India until 1967, but the practice ended due to the premature dissolution of some state assemblies and the Lok Sabha in the late 1960s and early 1970s.

The idea has been periodically revisited, with significant push in recent years from Prime Minister Narendra Modi and the Bharatiya Janata Party.

[14] When compared to other democracies, India has had a large number of political parties during its history under democratic governance.

Political parties of such a coalition government forms an alliance for contesting election together usually for better prospects.

Alliance usually revolves around the BJP and INC, being the two largest political parties in India without whose support, it would be difficult to form a majority government.

[24]National Democratic Alliance (NDA), a centre-right to right-wing coalition led by BJP was formed in 1998 after the elections.

The UPA subsequently governed India from 2004 until 2014 for 2 terms before losing power to their main rivals, the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance.

Stringent anti-terror legislation such as TADA, POTA and MCOCA have received much political attention, both in favour and against, and some of these laws were disbanded eventually due to human rights violations.

[27] Babri Masjid demolition on 6 December 1992 resulted in nationwide communal riots in two months, with the worst occurring in Mumbai with at least 900 dead.

In July 2008, The Washington Post reported that nearly a fourth of the 540 Indian Parliament members faced criminal charges, "including human trafficking, child prostitution, immigration rackets, embezzlement, rape and even murder".