The industrial breakthrough occurred in the 1870s during the international boom period, and it carried on through the decades in response to the growing demand of the home market.
Foreign policy concerns in the 1930s centred on Soviet and German expansionism, which stimulated abortive efforts at Nordic defence co-operation.
By the mid-19th century, Sweden's agricultural sector had begun to modernize, leading to a surplus in food production, which in turn supported population growth.
The rise of social democratic movements during the late 19th century, aligned with the growing labor force, contributed to significant political reforms.
By the early 20th century, Sweden had begun to implement labor protections, including workplace safety regulations and limits on working hours.
Companies like SKF, a leading producer of ball bearings, and ASEA (now ABB), specializing in electrical equipment, were founded during this time and played a vital role in Sweden's industrial landscape.