Child safety seat

Many jurisdictions require children defined by age, weight, and/or height to use a government-approved child safety seat when riding in a vehicle.

Since the first car was manufactured and put on the market in the early 1900s, many modifications and adjustments have been implemented to protect those that drive and ride in motorized vehicles.

[5] British inventor Jean Ames created a rear-facing child seat with a Y-shaped strap similar to today's models.

[6] American Leonard Rivkin, of Denver Colorado, designed a forward-facing seat with a metal frame to protect the child.

Carrycots are designed to distribute the restraining forces over the child's head and body, excluding its limbs, in the event of a big crash.

This design distributes the restraining forces over the child's head and body, excluding its limbs, in the event of the frontal collision.

Infant carriers are mounted rear-facing and are designed to "cocoon" against the back of the vehicle seat in the event of a collision, with the impact being absorbed in the outer shell of the restraint.

Forward-facing limits range from 9 to 40 kg (20 to 88 lb) depending on the seat model and the manufacturer and country of origin.

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that children remain rear-facing until they outgrow their convertible seat, regardless of how old they are.

Rear-facing car seats are significantly safer in frontal collisions, which are the most likely to cause severe injury and death.

If the seat belt is not across the collar bone and the hips, it will ride across the neck and the stomach and cause internal injuries in the event of a collision.

are calling on manufacturers and retailers to phase out backless boosters, as it says they do not provide enough protection in side-impact crashes and could put children at risk.

[19] The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) provides guidance on the reuse of child restraint systems after a crash.

However, recent studies demonstrate that child restraints can withstand minor crash impacts without any documented degradation in subsequent performance.

[20] A minor crash is defined by the NHTSA as one in which all of the following apply: Crashes that meet all of these criteria are much less severe than the dynamic testing requirement for compliance with Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) 213 and are highly unlikely to affect future child safety seat performance.

Due to the aforementioned concerns regarding expiry dates, crash testing, and recalls, it is often impossible to determine the history of the child restraint when it is purchased second-hand.

These regulations and standards are often minimums, and with each graduation to the next kind of safety seat, there is a step down in the amount of protection a child has in a collision.

High belling principles give cognitive state, guaranteeing your child’s security outweighs everything else during car rides.

In order to be granted ECE R44 approval the child restraint must comply with several design, construction and production conformity standards.

Points are awarded for universal child-restraint anchorages ISOFIX, the quality of warning labels and deactivation systems for front-passenger airbags.

[citation needed] By law every child restraint sold in Australia must carry the Australian Standard AS/NZ1754 sticker (pictured right).

In Queensland, penalties for drivers not ensuring that passengers under the age of 16 are properly restrained involve a fine of A$300 and three demerit points.

[35] NZ Transport Agency governs the rules and sets standards for the health and safety aspects with respect to child restraints in New Zealand.

This page provides details on qualified seat installation processes and approved standardized marks to look out for in child restraints.

As it was an EU member state at the time laws were introduced, products used in United Kingdom should comply with European Union single market definitions.

From September 18, 2006, all children under the age of 12 have to use some form of child car seat, unless they are taller than 135 centimetres (4 feet 5 inches).

[41] Though there are hundreds of variations of makes and models in the world of child safety seats, the materials used in the manufacturing process are basically the same.

The safety seat includes foam padding, fabric covers, a harness, and buckles or attaching mechanisms.

Although SIDS has been found to be a high risk regarding child safety seats, a coroner in Quebec also stated that "putting infants in car seats…causes breathing problems and should be discouraged.

[48] The American Academy of Pediatrics says to "make sure the seat is at the correct angle so your infant’s head does not flop forward.