Infanta María Luisa Fernanda of Spain, Duchess of Montpensier (French: Marie Louise Ferdinande; 30 January 1832 – 2 February 1897) was the younger daughter of King Ferdinand VII of Spain and his fourth wife and niece, Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies.

When her elder sister Isabella II of Spain succeeded to the throne, Infanta Luisa Fernanda was heir presumptive to the crown between 1833 and 1851, when Isabella's oldest surviving daughter was born.

The relationship between Isabella and her sister was tense, due to Antoine's conspiracies against the queen.

The same year, the then 16-year-old Luisa Fernanda gave birth to their first child, Maria Isabel.

Alfonso's grandchildren lost royal status due to non-dynastic marriages.