The components of information engineering include more theoretical fields such as Electromagnetism, machine learning, artificial intelligence, control theory, signal processing, and microelectronics, and more applied fields such as computer vision, natural language processing, bioinformatics, medical image computing, cheminformatics, autonomous robotics, mobile robotics, and telecommunications.
Major subfields of information theory include coding and data compression.
[18] This usually means topics such as genomics and proteomics, and sometimes also includes medical image computing.
As such, information engineering tends to focus more on autonomous, mobile, or probabilistic robots.
[20][21][22] Major subfields studied by information engineers include control, perception, SLAM, and motion planning.
[23][24] There has also been interest in using quantum computers for some subfields of information engineering such as machine learning and robotics.