Inga Fischer-Hjalmars (née Fischer; 16 January 1918, Stockholm – 17 September 2008, Lidingö) was an internationally acclaimed Swedish physicist, chemist, pharmacist, humanist, and a pioneer in quantum chemistry.

Fischer-Hjalmars also served as chair of the International Council of Scientific Unions' Standing Committee on the Free Circulation of Scientists.

Fischer-Hjalmars' parents were civil engineer Otto Fischer and Karen Beate Wulff.

In 1949, she began work on her doctorate, which she gained in 1952 at Stockholm University, where she became an associate professor of mechanical and mathematical physics.

In 1963, at Stockholm University, Fischer-Hjalmars became Sweden's first female professor of theoretical physics, where she was known as a popular lecturer.