Opponents refuse the ‘acquisition-by-comprehension’ claim, as various processes may determine comprehension and production of language, [4] and there is disagreement regarding how to distinguish input and intake.
IP addresses how learners initially perceive and process linguistic data in spoken or written language.
[3][2] For example, it examines how learners extract form from input and the way they assign grammatical roles to nouns while the primary attention is on meaning.
To date, there have been dozens of studies examining a variety of factors and issues, all pointing to robust findings of the positive effects of processing instruction.
[citation needed] This principle describes that learners tend to process the first noun or pronoun they encounter in a sentence as the subject or agent.
[4] VanPatten's model does not exclude the role of output, but communicates a different status by comparing the process of language development.