On 31 March 2016, the Army of Conquest coalition claimed to have captured members of a cell belonging to Jaysh al-Thuwar, an Arab component of the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) in Idlib that was reportedly conducting assassinations and kidnappings in the area.

[7] On 16 June 2017, a suicide bomber attempted to assassinate Saudi cleric Abdullah al-Muhaysini, who was serving on Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS)'s Sharia component and had left a mosque in Idlib.

In an online video after the attack, Muhaysini said that he was uninjured and explained that an individual had approached his car, wore an explosive belt, and blew himself up.

[9] In February 2018, Hayat Tahrir al-Sham accused the Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement of planting IEDs and of assassinating HTS members in Idlib, which later led to an armed conflict between them.

[12] In May 2018, HTS claimed to have detained members of an all-female assassination cell in Idlib that were loyal to the Syrian government and had even recruited by Russia.

On the same day, gunmen wounded three HTS fighters, and a Jaysh al-Izza commander was killed after a bomb detonated that had been placed into his car by an unknown group.

[16] On 29 January, a female suicide bomber HTS believed to be affiliated with ISIL attacked the headquarters of the Syrian Salvation Government.

The report also stated that HTS raided the military headquarters of the Guardians of Religion Organization and its ally Ansar al-Tawhid, which is made up of former Jund al-Aqsa elements, in a town near Jisr al-Shughur, and arrested two Egyptians from both groups for having ties to ISIL.

[24] On 18 March 2020, as part of a ceasefire arrangement after a Syrian government offensive in Idlib, Turkish troops entered the de-escalation zone to reopen the M4 highway previously blocked by HTS and other jihadist factions.

The Guardians of Religion Organization then released a statement that stated that HTS was reckless and should redirect its attention to fighting the Syrian government instead.

Protesters, including Hayat Tahrir al-Sham rebels opposed the agreement made between Turkey and Russia regarding the reopening of the M4 highway.

[48] On 29 May, Hayat Tahrir al-Sham raided the house of a former Jund al-Aqsa commander, killed him in front of his family and disposed his body at an unknown location.

[52] On 15 June, unknown assailants targeted and killed a leader of Jaysh Al-Suqur, a Turkish-backed rebel group in Idlib tgatwas part of the National Liberation Front.

A Tunisian national in Al-Qusoor neighbourhood of Idlib city and the Uzbek jihadist leader Abu Yehia of Guardians of Religion Organization were killed.

[59] On 20 Septemberm Syrian and Russia aircraft targeted jihadist positions of HTS and the Guardians of Religion Organization group in Idlib Governorate.

[62] On 26 October, Russian aircraft bombed a training camp of Sham Legion, a Turkish-backed rebel group, near Kafr Takharim in Idlib Governorate.

[66][67] On 7 November, seven Jihadists from Uzbekistan affiliated to Hayyaat Tahrir Al-Sham were killed by a loitering munitions drone strike in Jabal Al-Zawiyah.

[73] On 3 October, SOHR reported an explosion in an ammunition warehouse in Wadi al-Naseem neighbourhood in Idlib city, which killed a member of the Turkistan Islamic Party and injured four others[74] while Russian jets continue bombing areas belonging to the “de-escalation zone”.

[75] On 27 November 2024, HTS announced that it had launched an offensive, dubbed "Deterrence of Aggression", toward pro-government forces in western Aleppo Governorate.

[76] The offensive was a response to recent artillery shelling by the Syrian government of Bashar al-Assad against the rebel-held Idlib, which killed at least 30 civilians.

[77][78] During the first 10 hours of the offensive, HTS captured 20 towns and villages from pro-government forces, including the towns of Urm al-Kubra, Anjara, Urm al-Sughra, Sheikh Aqil, Bara, Ajil, Awijil, al-Hawtah, Tal al-Dabaa, Hayr Darkal, Qubtan al-Jabal, al-Saloum, al-Qasimiyah, Kafr Bisin, Hawr, Aznaz and Basratoun.

[82][83][84] On 28 November, HTS launched an offensive on the eastern Idlib countryside that captured the villages of Dadikh, Kafr Batikh and Sheikh Ali, as well as a neighborhood in the city of Saraqib.

[85] In the latter half of the day, HTS captured the villages of Kafr Basin, Arnaz and Al-Zarba in the western Aleppo countryside and cut off the M5 highway.

[87] Iranian state media reported that Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) Brigadier General Kioumars Pourhashemi, who served as a senior military advisor in Syria, had been killed by rebels in Aleppo.