The most significant reforms, implemented in 2022, have been met with controversy for several reasons, ranging from concerns about the process's complexity and fairness to issues about how it affects different immigrant groups.
Between 1998 and 2007, new immigrants were obligated to follow an integration course that contained implemented standards on a national level.
Inburgering is a requirement for residents who have relocated to the Netherlands from countries outside of the European Union, in addition to others in certain circumstances.
[5] Four measure Dutch language skills and include components that test an immigrants' speaking, listening, writing and reading abilities.
[6] A similar obligation exists for some foreigners wishing to relocate to the Netherlands, especially people wanting to marry a resident or a citizen.
However, residents can request additional time to prepare for the exam if their reasons for not adhering to their obligation is deemed sufficient.
The 2022 reforms introduced a higher language threshold for immigrants seeking permanent residency or citizenship.
While municipalities are responsible for overseeing the integration process, the extent of support varies depending on the category of the immigrant.
Asylum seekers receive comprehensive assistance, but others, such as family members of skilled workers, are often left to navigate the integration system independently.