For example: IKE describes a protocol using part of Oakley and part of SKEME in conjunction with ISAKMP to obtain authenticated keying material for use with ISAKMP, and for other security associations such as AH and ESP for the IETF IPsec DOI.
[1] ISAKMP defines the procedures for authenticating a communicating peer, creation and management of Security Associations, key generation techniques and threat mitigation (e.g. denial of service and replay attacks).
ISAKMP defines procedures and packet formats to establish, negotiate, modify and delete Security Associations.
However, a common framework is required for agreeing to the format of SA attributes and for negotiating, modifying and deleting SAs.
Leaked NSA presentations released by Der Spiegel indicate that ISAKMP is being exploited in an unknown manner to decrypt IPSec traffic, as is IKE.