[1] In 1904 he went to Athens for studies in chemistry, but quickly abandoned them and volunteered for the armed bands of the Macedonian Struggle (1904–08).

[1] On his return he enlisted in the Hellenic Army, and, after studies at the NCO School, was commissioned as a cavalry officer.

He distinguished himself at the Battle of the Sakarya where he was heavily wounded in August 1921, forcing him to take an extended leave.

[1] Promoted to Major General in 1935, he disagreed with the establishment of the dictatorial Metaxas Regime in 1936, leading to his internal exile in Sifnos and Ikaria.

[1] His lingering wounds, coupled with the hardships of exile, led to his death on 31 March 1939.