SUMKA

[citation needed] Critics of the late Mohammad Reza Pahlavi allege that he provided direct funding to SUMKA at one point.

Monshizadeh was also a professor at Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich and was deeply influenced by Jose Ortega y Gasset's philosophy.

The SUMKA briefly attracted the support of young nationalists in Iran, including Dariush Homayoon, an early member who would later rise to prominence in the country.

In 1953, they were part of a large group of Zahedi supporters who marched towards the palace of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi demanding the ousting of Mossadegh.

[1] In April 1952, Iranian police reported that Monshizadeh was seeking to establish ties with the British embassy to get financial support.

Davud Monshizadeh with SUMKA Command Khuzestan.
SUMKA Party House on Khanqah Street in Tehran; Nicknamed the "Black House".
SUMKA ceremony, circa 1950s.