Iranic peoples: In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Saddam Hussein exiled between 350,000[4][5][3] to 650,000 Iraqi citizens of Iranian ancestry.

The capture of Isfahan by Mahmud of Afghanistan in this century caused a large number of families of scholars to flee to Iraq (between 1722 and 1763) and the center of religious research moved out of Iran and was concentrated in cities such as Karbala and Najaf.

As a result, the Persian language spread significantly in the cities of Karbala, Najaf, Baghdad and Basra.

In the 20th century, the presence of Iranians in various cities of Iraq, especially in Baghdad and Basra, was also increasingly noticeable.

The Rome Treaty of 1823 between Iran and the Ottomans provided facilities for Iranian pilgrimages and the transfer of bodies of the dead for burial in holy places.