Iranotherium ("Beast of Iran") is an extinct genus of large elasmotheriine rhinocerotids, comparable in size to a modern white rhino.

It is known from the Late Miocene (Tortonian) of Maragha, Iran and the middle part of the Liushu formation of northwestern China.

The skulls also show distinct sexual dimorphism: The base from which the horn grows is large and strong in the male, while it is small and weak in the female, and there is strong and rough rugosities present on the back half part of the zygomatic arch of the male.

Its upper incisors are completely absent and the premolars are significantly shortened, however, the cheek teeth are longer in the male than in the female.

All specimens were found from the lower part of the upper Miocene Liushu Formation in the Linxia Basin (Gansu, China).

Based on the two skulls from the study, the Maragha specimen is identified as a male due to the presence of hemispherical rugosities on its zygoma.

Additional sexually dimorphic features include the zygomatic arch of the male being thicker than that of the female.

The zygomatic rugosities of the male I. morgani could have supported a horn-like callused structure for combat or for display.

Over there, it coexisted with Hipparion prostylum, Mesopithecus pentelici and Indarctos maraghanus[1] In China, Iranotherium is known from the middle part of the Liushu formation of the Linxia Basin.

It was contemporary with one glire (Pararhizomys hipparionum), four mustelids (Promephitis sp., P. hootoni, Melodon majori, Sinictis sp.

), four hyaenids (Ictitherium sp., Hyaenictitherium wongii, H. hyaenoides, Dinocrocuta gigantea), two cats (Amphimachairodus giganteus, Felis sp.

), one proboscidean (Tetralophodon exoletus), four perissodactyls (Hipparion chiai, H. weihoensis, Acerorhinus hezhengensis, Chilotherium wimani), seven artiodactyls (Chleuastochoerus stehlini, Dicrocerus sp., Samotherium sp., Honanotherium schlosseri, Gazella sp., Hezhengia bohlini, and Miotragocerus sp.)