[4] By the end of the 19th century, political Zionism entered the consciousness of the Jews of Iraq and Zionist activity began.

The short-lived organisation collapsed in November of that year when the Ottoman Empire declared war on Britain.

[13] Reuben Battat, an Iraqi-Jewish judge, handed a decision down in favor of allowing a property transfer from Jewish philanthropist Gourji Shemtov to the Keren Hayesod in 1923.

[8] During the 1930s, Nazi influence was widespread in Baghdad, due to presence by the German legation as well as Arabic broadcasts from Berlin.

[19] Adolf Hitler's Mein Kampf was translated into Arabic by Yunis al-Sabawi and published in local Baghdadi newspapers.

Days before the pogrom broke out, members of the Al-Muthanna Club went around marking Jewish homes with red paint.

[23] It was estimated by Iraqi-Jewish leaders that around 2,500 families, which accounts for 15% of Baghdadi Jews, suffered directly as a result of the pogrom.

[27] All Jews working in the government were removed from their positions,[28] hundreds were arrested on dubious charges of being Zionists or Communists.

[29] On October 23, 1948, wealthy Jewish businessman Shafiq Ades, who was an outspoken Anti-Zionist, was publicly hanged in Basra after being accused of selling weapons to Israel and the Iraqi Communist Party.

No evidence was provided during the three-day trial showing Ades sold weapons to Israel and the judge presiding over the case was a member of a pro-Nazi party.