Chavanne, born in Graz as a daughter of the retired Imperial-Royal Major Joseph Ludwig Edler von Chavanne (6 December 1806 in Olomouc - 25 October 1887 in Graz) from his second marriage in Graz on 5 July 1862 to Juliana Edlen von Krisch (20 January 1831 in Teschen – 23 March 1903 in Dresden), was actually supposed to become a pianist, but her piano teacher Wilhelm Mayer discovered her vocal gifts and advised her to study singing.
Thereupon she received her education, financed by Empress Elisabeth of Austria, at the Conservatory of the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde in Vienna with Johannes Ress.
She made her debut in April 1885 at the Königliche Oper von Dresden, where she sang until the end of her career in 1915.
On 9 December 1905 she sang the role of Herodias in the world premiere of Salome by Richard Strauss.
Other roles included Adriano (Rienzi), Amneris (Aida), Fidès (Le prophète), Azucena (Il trovatore) and Dalila (Samson and Delilah).